The Kumari Origins of Dravidians
Dr K. Loganathan, 25-8-12
Clyde’s study and the postulate that the Proto Dravidians originated in the Sub Saharan area about 10k years ago when it was a fertile place, stands in conflict with that in Tamil literature that mentions the origin of Tamils in Kumari , a submerged island mass. Both views have their merits for that of Clyde’s view fits with the generally accepted view that the whole of mankind in fact originated in Africa and that about 70k years ago they started streaming out from East Africa into Asia Europe and so forth. However in support of the Tamil view we have Sumerian itself being called Kumari suggesting that the Sumerians just before they came to Sumeria around 4000 BC or so perhaps lived in Kumari but the location of which is uncertain. Now if Kumari is the Sumerian term for the Sub Saharan area then problem is solved. But is it? Can the picture of the landmass that is called the Kumari fit in with the Sub Saharan area?
So towards this problem I am embarking a new study the basic points of which are listed below.
The Method ‘ A Linguisitc Archaeology of a Kind
The naming of Flora and Fauna is one of the most basic linguistic activities. Now considering that it is only around 40k years ago that human beings as such became capable of symbolic behavior and in South Africa( where still exists the Click language, the world’s most primitive language) we can say the human language as such came into being perhaps around 40k years ago but in a very matured form with syntactic features around 10-20 k years ago. Perhaps from some primitive African languages, it was perhaps around 10k years ago that an Archaic Dravidian language came into being which split into SumeruTamil Elamite and so forth around 5k years ago. It is fortunate for us that the Sumerians invented the cuneiform script and which has been deciphered quite successfully thereby becoming the world’s earliest language to be written down. This is like a fossil where looking into the semantics of some basic words we can get a picture of the kind of landmass they occupied before they came to Sumeria with their advanced concepts of agriculture animal husbandry and so forth. Thus a study of the primitive terms for the flora and fauna may tell us something about the place of origin of Dravidians after they pushed out of Africa and prior to their landing in Sumeria Elam and perhaps also Indus.
2,
Now I find in this connection a point in favor of the Sub Saharan Thesis in the name of Sumerian ‘anse-pirig’ which I suspect is a name for Zebra. The term means ‘fast-moving(anse< Ta, asaa, asey: to move), striped (piri) creature This name is still retained in Tamil as varik kutirai where vari< piri and Kutirai replaces Anse but which is retained in Sk as asva. In Suruppak’s NeRi (c. 3000 BC) we have the ‘dur’ for horse and which is the root form of Ta, turakam meaning also a fast moving creature, Now as far as I know Zebra remains a creature peculiar to Africa and we cannot rule out their presence on the Sub Saharan area about 10k years ago.
3.
However there is problem also related to the same root. Now while lion was called ‘ur’ in Sumerian meaning also ‘dog’ and also ur-mah i.e big dog, the tiger was called ‘pirig’ as I have pointed from citing some lines in Kes Temple Hymn, specially the fifth Hymn. See:
Kes Temple Hymns The Fifth Hymn
74 e pirig u-tu sa-bi ur-sag su-du ( Temple borne by a lion, whose interior the hero has embellished)
*Ta. il piri ootu caaybi oorsaan cuudu ( Temple guarded by the Tiger and inside which the Hero attains)
( pirig Ta. pili, puli : tiger ( piri>pili, puli: the stripped creature), su-du Ta. cuudu: to wear as the crown etc; u-tu Ta. ootu, oombu : to guard)
75. e kes pirig u-tu sa-bi ur-sag su-du ( Kes temple, borne by a lion, whose interior the hero has embellished )
*Ta. il Keeci pili ootu caaybi oorsaan cuudu( Keeci temple guarded by the Tiger and inside which the Hero attains)
It is pirig> piri> viri> vari: stripes where even now the tiger is called varip puli etc, a term quite widespread in the Dravidian family of languages. Now we have seen that the Tiger also gets represented in many seals of the Indus where it has archetypal significance, something that persists to this day. Now the problem is and if I am not mistaken Tigers are NOT common at all to Africa though leopards panthers and so forth are. Tigers are essentially Asian where they are found quite widely in India including the South and SEAsian countries. Now how can the Tiger become so important in the religious iconography unless the people are quite familiar with it?
Now if tigers were not present in the Sub Saharan area, how can we affirm the Sub Saharan origins of the Dravidian folks even if this view agrees with the general Out of Africa Theory of the drift and spread of mankind?
This view seems to support the Kumari Thesis and which may be a landmass between East Africa and India and where both the zebras and tigers roamed along with many other creatures including of course the elephants, This landmass also may be that which was submerged in the Flood, a legend so widely present in ancient Tamil literature as also in Sumeria. I don’t think the Sub Saharan area has any association with floods
4.
The analysis of just a few words as above is certainly in adequate to come to any definite conclusions. But since the formation of fundamental words are related to flora and fauna, perhaps a more extensive and systematic analysis of the names pertaining to the plants and animals may actually tell us a lot about the place of origins of the Dravidian folks. In order to solve the problem of the origins of the Sumerians and hence the Dravidians, an in depth study of Sumerian language may help us immensely
The Origins of Dravidians-2
Now Rajan Menon has made the following observation (Tolkaappiyar 26-8-12)
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Tolkaappiyar/message/11840
QUOTE
The Cheetah and the Leopard that pertain to the Felines have a remarkable similarity to the Tiger. The term Puli could have been equally applicable to these Felines with the exception of Simha, the Lion.
These animals could have migrated with Man, following the receeding ice caps. In Meso-America we have the Jaguar and lesser felines like the Wildcat.
UNQUOTE
The implication is that we cannot conclude that the place of origin is not the Sub Saharan areas as there were Cheetahs Leopards and so forth and which because they are so similar to the Tiger could have been also called Puli and hence the argument seeking to identify Kumari as different from the Sub Sahara area is not valid.
Now I think this suggestion does not really invalidate my claims. For in Sumerian there is a term “tab-pirig-tur” interpreted as ‘young lion’ but which I suspect is the Archaic Form of Tamil ciRu-t-tai-p-puli which is how in Tamil the leopard and such other feline creatures are called. See:
21. tab-pirig-tur-gin zi-ga-mu-de
(than) my start (in life) was like that of a young lion
தைப்பிலித்துர் ஙிம் ஜீகம் முதே
The cat is called Puunai, the wild cat simply kaaddup puunai. In other Dravidian languages it is also called puucai etc. The fact that a leopard was called Tab-pirig-tur( tur: small, tab: to bounce and bind, pirig: tiger) shows that it is named in terms of the Tiger, but something small compared to the tiger and more skillful in attacking and so forth implying that the Sumerians were initially quite familiar with Tiger as such and that they named the leopard as above in view of the similarities. However we notice here the feline creatures are spotted and not striped which is the primordial or ROOT meaning of Pili, Puli. Thus it appears the ancient Sumerians encountered the Tiger first and only later the leopards and so forth. Or at least in their naming they noted first the Tiger and then they named the Leopard as such because of the similarities but despite the fact the leopard, the CiRuttai is spotted and not striped.
The ancient Dravidians in coining such terms as Pirig and Tab-pirig-tur show they were aware of the differences and that in their mind it is the Tiger that is more primordial than the leopard and such other feline creatures. The point is that they were aware of the DIFFERENCE and did not mistake the leopard and so forth for tigers.
The Origins of Dravidians-3
Now another word, ecologically very significant is Su. Ma which means ‘boat’ where ‘ma-gur’ is Ta, maakuurai or MaakuuRai a boat with a roof or deck or sails and hence a larger kind of vessel. The following is an example of its occurrence.
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Kes Temple Hymn
23. e-kes ki-du-ga du-a ( Kes temple built on a good place)
*Ta. il Keeci kiiztungka eduva ( Kes temple, raised on sacred grounds)
இல் கேசி கீழ்துங்க எடுவ
( kes Ta. keeci: mountain top, peak? ; perhaps" il keeci": a temple on the hill top)
24. ma-gur-nun-gin an-na diri-ga ( Like the princely magur-boat, floating in the sky)
*Ta. maa kuur nunna-ngin vaanna tirika ( Like a boat very tall and high, roaming the sky )
மா கூரை நுண்ணங்இன் வான்ன திரிக
( ma. Ta. maa : a tree; perhaps goes back to the time when boats were just logs; diri Ta. tiri: to roam about; gur Ta. kuur : sharp and very extended, nun-na Ta. nunna: highly fine and refined; Ta. nuni: the top extremity)
25. ma-gur-ku-gin ka-si-ri-am (?) ( Like a pure Magur boat, provided with a ............ gate)
*Ta. maa kuurkoo-ngin kaay coriyaam ( Like a divine great boat, spilling radiant light)
மா கூரை கோங்இன் காய் சொரியும்
(ka Ta. kaay: to heat up, si-ri-am Ta. cuur-aam? )
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Now the original Sumerian ‘ma’ or ‘maa’ exists now as Ta, maram: tree. As suggested above perhaps the original boats were simply floating logs as it is even to-day among some tribes in Sumatra. Perhaps in the word Ta, kaadumaram and which has entered English as Cattamaran, the ‘maran’ means ‘boat’
However what is relevant here is that the word ‘maa’ in Tamil means very specifically the Mango Tree where the Mango along with Jackfruit and Banana is the favourite Three of fruits for the Tamils. Now another related sense is Su, ma, mah: the great and which exists in Ta, as Maa and Sk as Maha
Is there any semantic connection between these diverse meanings that is ecologically illuminating?
I think so and see the linkages as follows.
I think this word originated first as name for the Mango Tree and later generalized to any tree. Then when logs were cut and used as simple boats the same name was also applied for the boat. However when the technology improved and large ocean-going perhaps sailing boats were built they were called ma-gur I,e Ta, maakuurai : boats with roofs or sails ( Ta. kuuRai seelai)
Now ‘greatness’ sense might have come from the fact that some trees were tall and lofty as is the case with some tropical tress.
The Ecological Relevance
But the ecological relevance of this analysis is that the Mango Tree is in fact the primordial tree underlying the birth of this word and the related ones. Now here, if I am not mistaken the Mango is typical of Indian Sub continent and not the Sub Saharan areas. I stand to be corrected here as I am not a botanist or an archeologist. I just depend on my general knowledge,
Now if I am right then the Tamils as primitive people must have encountered the Mango Tree and began naming it ‘maa’ and which word became a general term for trees later differentiated into ‘maram’ and so forth. Thus the original home of the Dravidians must be a landmass akin to the Indian sub-continent where the Mango is a native tree.
Combining this with what we have established earlier, we again come to a landmass between East Africa and India where the flora and fauna were both Indian and African and which rules out Sub Saharan areas as the original home of the Dravidian peoples. It also rules out Lemuria the vast continent said to be submerged by some geological tectonic movement millenniums ago.
The Origins of Dravidians-4
Now we come to another very interesting word in Sumerian viz. kur-kur which has meanings ‘ nations, foreign nations” along with kur: a mountain hill etc; I provide examples of some occurrences below
Su. Kur-kur: Mountains, nations
From Sumerian King list we have
38.
kur-kur u-sal-la i-im-na ( All foreign lands rested contentedly)
Ta. kunRu kunRu oo saalla ii im aNai ( All the lands embraced prosperity)
குன்று குன்று ஓ சால்ல ஈ இம் அணை
Kur-kur':Ta. kunRu kunRu ; hills but here the different nations of the land. Perhaps originally the different hills were assumed as different nations. See also Ta, kuuRu ; a district
u-sal-la : Ta. oo saal-la ; Ta. saalbu: greatness, prosperity Ta. oo: high
na : Ta. aNai: to embrace
In some cases this duplicated word means not “foreign lands” but ‘all nations”.
Also from King List we have:
B:18
Lu kur-kur mu-un-gi-na ( the one who consolidated all lands)
Ta. uLu kunRu-kunRu mun miiLna ( the one who recovered all lands_
உளு குன்று-குன்று முன் மீள்ன
These are puzzling: why the name for a hillock should also double up as a name for a political unit, a nation? The word duplication is a primitive linguistic technique to indicate plurality and hence this complex must have come into existence in very early times, centuries or even millenniums before such plural markers like ‘e-ne, ba-e-re, -es, -gal and so forth came into use. This very primitive technique is still retained in Malay, a polynesian language of SEAsia where ‘buku-buku’ means ‘books’
Kumari: The Land of Hills
In Tamil literature like Cilambu, IRaiyanar AkapporuL and so forth Kumari is described as ‘pan malai adukattu kumarik koodu” which means the land of Kumari( Kumari koodu; koodu: Hill or a nation) is a nation of several mountain ranges ( pan malai adukkam). This agreement is very interesting as the historical memory of Kumari, so deeply ingrained in the Tamil psyche seems to be quite in agreement with the Sumerian usage of ‘kur-kur as above.
Kur-kur and the Pyramids.
But what is the importance of this observation for delineating the place of origins of the Dravidian folks?
From what we have discussed so far, as the land of zebras tigers and Mango trees, it must have been a landmass in the Arabic Sea, between East Africa and India. Now we see that it must have been a large island of many hills or hillocks where probably lived many tribes and each tribe identified with a certain Hill. This may be the origin of the word Gothra, a lineage as in Sk but derived from Dravidian root “koodu” meaning a hill. The people of this land must have been organized into hill tribes of various kinds with each hill constituting something like a nation and hence given rise to the meaning of ‘kur-kur’ as many nations all countires etc.
For the ancient Dravidians before their advent into Sumerian and related lands, the original nation was a hill-centred tribal nation. It was also a vast island many such hills and hill tribes, perhaps the Navalan Tiivu; the Island of Four corners of Tamil literature
Now it appears that when they lost their land to the sea and were forced to migrate out, they moved not only to Sumeria but also to Egypt Nubia Sudan and so forth, the countries of the ancient Pyramidal cultures. It may not be wrong to see the impetus to build the hill-like pyramids and ziggurats was in fact an attempt to recreate the Land of Hills, the Kumarik Koodu which was their original Home in the Arabic Sea or Persian Gulf a landmass ecologically sharing both the features of East Africa and India.
In this way we account for the ethnic cultural and linguistic similarities Clyde has noted in what he calls the C-Group of people who built the pyramidal civilizations, the Nubian Kemetian Sumerian and Dravidian people. They are all people who dispersed from the Kumarik Koodu of the Arabian Sea that was submerged in stages beginning about 10k years ago and where the Dravidian identity was already forged and retained specially by the Sumerians.
Loga
The Origins of Dravidians-5
While what we have done is not very extensive and exhaustive, but I believe sufficient to come to certain definite conclusions. The METHOD we have employed is that of Linguistic Archaeology where we select some words closely related to the ecology and from the analysis of such primitive words come to some conclusions about the place of origins. Now this may not be possible for all languages for most of them do not have native words, words not borrowed from other languages and which is the case with English Sanskrit and so forth. Now Tamil and specially Sumerian the Archaic Tamil, though has lexical borrowings from Akkadian and so forth, has a layer of language quite native to the people from the earliest days they began to speak. Considering that it was in S.Africa that symbolic behavior of the Humans as such began about 40k years ago, the birth of language as such cannot be dated beyond this time period. The Archaic Tamil that we recognize in Sumerian must have come into existence about 20-30k years ago where as a further development of the symbolic behavior concepts were mapped into sound clusters to form words and later primitive sentences by translating the bodily gestures and such other paralinguistic features into the syntactic structure of the verbal strings, the sentences.
The Submerged Island in the Arabo-Persian Gulf is the Kumarik Koodu
Now from what we have discovered through Linguistic Archeology, it clear that the Tamil language was forged on a landmass where roamed the tigers and zebras and where grew also the Mango trees and so forth. Now this rules out the Sub-Saharan area during even the times it was fertile i.e. about 10k years ago. Thus we suggest that this land mass where the Dravidians as such originated and where the Archaic Tamil language and hence the most primitive form of Dravidian language was forged is Kumari Koodu, the sunken landmass that is probably the same as the large island that was submerged in the Arabo-Persian Gulf that was proposed recently by Jeffrey Rose as below:
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This Kumari, which I will name Kumari II, is a name of recall of Kumari I, the original Kumari , perhaps the Oasis of Lost Civilization of Jeffrey Rose as mentioned in:
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/66120901/currentanthropologydec2010article657397
QUOTE
There was a virtual explosion of settlement around the shoreline of the Gulf
in the Middle Holocene, coinciding with the final phase of marine incursion
into the basin. More than just the sheer number of sites that were
established within a single millennium (), the characteristics of these
sites have profound implications for social evolution in the Gulf Oasis. By
the time that indigenous groups became archaeologically visible during the
‘Ubaid 3 phase around 7500 cal BP, these communities had already undergone
a
complete Neolithic demographic transition and were, in fact, on the cusp of
the Urban Revolution. This is exemplified in the suite of features found at
‘Ubaid-related sites, including permanent stone structures, pottery, date
palm cultivation, animal husbandry, fishing, extensive trade networks, and
advanced boat-building.
Three millennia after the proposed (re)settlement of indigenous ‘Ubaid 3
groups along the northern shoreline of the Gulf, the region became known as
Sumeria and was populated by the world’s earliest literate civilization.
Albeit epiphenomenal, it is interesting to note that the oldest known
version of the ubiquitous Near Eastern flood myth, the “Eridu
genesisâ€
(Jacobsen 1981), was written by the inhabitants of this region. The link
between flood mythology and marine incursion into the Arabo-Persian Gulf
basin has already been thoroughly explored by a number of authors (see Cooke
1987; Hamblin 1987; Kennett and Kennett 2006; Lambeck 1996; Sanford 2006;
Teller et al. 2000) and does not require any further elucidation.
UNQUOTE
The language of the Ubaid communities is clearly Archaic Tamil as I have already shown. Suruppaks NeRi(nari) is a text recovered from that site
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The Clyde-Loga Theory of Kumari
Now we can synthesize all these along with the numerous and quite exciting studies of Clyde about the Dravidians and Proto Dravidians and their connections with NKSD cultures and people and describe the ancient History as follows. It is clear that the ancient Dravidians the Sumerian Elamites along with the ancient Egyptians Nubians Sudanes , all people of the Pyramidal cultures were ethnically related in being blacks with common genome of a kind. These are the Kushites, the Maa-group of people , the C-Group of people and which includes as recently pointed out by Clyde also the Hurrians Mittani and such other tribes from Anatolia and so forth.
Now combining this view with that of Kumari, the sunken island mass in the Persianf Gulf of Jeffrey Rose, we can reconstruct the primordial situation as follows.
About 70k years ago we have Homo Sapiens as such migrating out of Africa and where on their way eventually to Australia they become even the ancestors of Piramalai Kallars in South India. Now at that time, probably Kumarik Koodu, a large island mass with many hillocks and mountains ranges was a luxuriant tropical island where roamed the tigers and other feline creatures and zebras so typical of Africa. It was also a land of the Mango trees and where the Dravidian man learned the art of building boats and perhaps also larger vessels. Kumari might have had also many large rivers, where navigations with boats and so forth could have been practiced and learnt. Now about 10k years ago the gradual flooding of this island begins forcing the inhabitants to move out to save areas and with which begins their migrations into Sumeria Elam Indus Egypt Nubia Sudan and so forth.
The Migration and Reverse Migrations.
Thus as suggested by Rajan Menon, the Dravidian folks but as Dravidoids or Proto Dravidians having migrated out from East Africa about 70k years ago and settled on their way in this Kumari, then about 10k years ago when the islands suffered the forages of the seas and such other disasters, registered a REVERSE MIGRATION but now not only to East Africa- Egypt Nubia Sudan , Crete Anatolia and so forth but also Sumeria Persia and Indus. Thus as Clyde has proposed on the basis of the distribution of the Black and Red Ware with the characteristic pottery marks which gave rise to the ancient scripts of various kinds, we have the formation of the Kushite people and so forth and who were Dravidians.
Thus in this way we bring together the recent studies of Clyde and the ancient accounts of Kumarik koodu of Tamil literature to generate an account of the origins of the Dravidian people who later migrated into India in various ways. While in the African countries and elsewhere they are not anymore that visible, perhaps merged with the locals, in India and particularly in South India they retain their languages and culture quite unbroken from very ancient times and continue to live the culture of Kumarik Koodu
But what is the cultural commonness among all these people and how can we trace it to the Kumarik Koodu of Tamil literature? We shall attend to this issue in our next post.
Loga
The Origins of Dravidians-6(Final)
Let me bring this series that seeks to locate the original lamd of origins of the Dravidian folks and which turns out to be Kumari Koodu, the sunken Island Mass in the Arabo-Persian Sea to a conclusion by finally attending to the fact that the C.Group of people or the Kushites, as called by Clyde, developed the Pyramidal cultures and which later spread even to Cambodia Indonesia and so forth. Clyde has pointed out using B.B. Lal’s studies that the Black and Red Ware megalith burial chambers, some characteristic pottery marks, some genetic factors and so forth characterize this C-Group of people who were spread across the vast area of the civilized world in the Third Millennium BC, millenniums before the Europeans learned the art of agriculture and related technologies. This vast world included Egypt Nubia Sudan Sumeria Elam and Indus. This is the ancient AkaNda Baratam of the Dravidian folks very closely related to the Africans and where developed the world’s earliest literary civilizations. To this view of Clyde I have added through my analysis of some key words and phrases in SumeruTamil, the idea that after primary migration of the Dravidoids from East Africa they settled in Kumari, a large island in the nearby Persian Gulf and became in fact the Tamil speaking Dravidians who later returned to East Africa and so forth and developed the Pyramidal cultures.
Muruka as Kumaran and Kumriisan
No looking at the cultural commonalities what is striking is the common presence of Muruka in all these countries where in Sumeria he was called EnMerukar, Asarlugi , in Egypt Asar and Muruka and so forth in East Africa . It is interesting that among many names for Muruka in Tamil, we have also Kumaran, Kumariisan and so forth. Linking this with Kumari or Kumar, as also called in Akkadian, we can see that Muruka was the most prominent deity of Kumari, hence the Kumaran and the Lord of Kumari, Kumariisan. Now what is also fascinating is that this Murukan is also KunRutooRum aaduG Kumuran, the Lord who dances in the hill-top temples everywhere. Even to-day most of the Muruka Temples are located in Hill-tops. Now it is quite reasonable to conclude that when these kumarians, used as they were to worship Muruka in Hill-top temples in the sunken Kumari, migrated to Sumeria Egypt Nubia and so forth, they tried to RECREATE the Kumarik Koodu and specially that landmass of Hill-top temples for Muruka in their new lands and which resulted in building the Pyramids Ziggurats temples with towering Gopurams and so forth. The following description of a typical temple in Sumeria will certainly help us to understand why the temples were Hill-like.
Kes Temple Hymn -1
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14. e-kes mus-kalam-ma gu-hus-aratta ( Kes temple , foundation of the country, fierce ox of Aratta)
*Ta. il keeci mutu-kalamma koo ushNa Aratta ( The Keeci Temple, the foundation of the country, the angry bull of Aratta)
15. hur-sag -da-mu-a an-da gu-la-a ( Growing up like a mountain, embracing the sky)
*Ta. uyarcaangi-odu mUuva vaan-odu kulAua ( Growing up like a mountain peak, conversing with (those) in the sky)
(hur Ta. uyar: high ; mu Ta. mUu: to 'move' forward ; gu-la-a Ta. kulaavu: to interact or converse intimately)
16. e-kur-da-mu-a kur-ra sag-il-bi (Growing up like Ekur when it lifts its head in the land)
*Ta. il kunRu-odu mUuva kunRa sangki ezubi ( Growing up like hill temple when lifting up the head in the country)
>>>>>>
Here the compound E-Kur, that remains untranslated is actually Il-kunRu, a hill-like temple or Hill-Top temple where we see that for building temples even in flat plains as in Sumeria, the Hilll-Top temple becomes the model.
It is interesting the legend of Kumari and Lord Muruka as Kumaran, remain peculiarly close and integral to the Tamil psyche where people go even to the extend of saying that Muruka is the God of the Tamilians.
The Impetus for Pyramidal Civilizations
Thus the most impressive and monumental similarity common to the Kushites or the Dravidians of the fourth millennium BC in ultimately an attempt to replicate the notion of a land where there was Kumran dancing at the top of every Hill, the KunRutooRum aadum Kumaran. What these ancient Dravidian folks wanted to do in shaping the Pyramidal cultures is to RECREATE the Land of Kumari that they lost to the seas.
The Great Flood
Now along with this Pyramids and Ziggurats we have also the Great Flood as a common theme among these ancient Dravidians of the AkaNda Baratam of the Third Millennium BC. The Great Flood story is present not only in Sumerian literature but also in Tamil literature and that too in connection with Kumari. Now Clyde has not considered this in his studies ( as far as I am aware) and the Sub Saharan areas do not seem to have suffered a massive flooding. What we have here is a climate change whereby the vast area became dry and semi-desert and so forth. This rules out the possibility that just prior to building the pyramidal cultures, the Dravidians lived in the Sub Saharan areas. It appears that they lived actually in the submerged Kumari and only later moved into the Sub Saharan areas building pyramids as temples of a kind.
The Metaphysics of Pyramids
Now it appears that both the Great Flood and Hill-top Temples for Muruka, the Kumaran became metaphysically very relevant promoting deep thoughts. While the Destruction by Flood seems to have prompted the notion of World Dissolution, called interestingly enough PiraLayam , a massive and totally devastating Flood, heaven aspiring Hill-top temple seem to have suggested a metaphysics of climbing up towards the Heavens , a thrust towards enjoying Moksa. The steeped Pyramids with six or seven steps and Ziggurats of a similar type but with steps towards the peak, is actually a physical representation of Six or Sevan Atara Cakras, the Mt Kailash, the Atara VeRpu, the Mountain of Atara Cakras at the peak of which resides Siva, the Father of Muruka with His consort Uma reminding us AN-InAnna of the Sumerians and so forth , We noted that this large island must have had many Hills where each hill constituted a nation, a tribe a Gothra.
This Tantric Psychology of Atara Cakras gets first expressed as reaching Lord Muruka, the Sumerian En Merukar, the Son of Utu, the Sun God perhaps the same as Siva in Hill-Top temples in Kumari and later after the flood as reaching simply the peak of the pyramidal temples(as in Borobudur?)
This impetus is not just Hindu but specifically Dravidian. For in Hinduism and which includes Vedism, this Temple-centered Agamic culture was lost but replaced with Yajna-Centred Vedism and which is a corruption of a kind where yajna-s were originally only one of the temple rituals as it is even to-day among the Tamils. This Yajna Vedism did not promote Temple culture and hence the metaphysics of Atara Cakras,
This might have also led to the degeneration of Vedism as a VarNa Vedism that eschewed the EQUALITY of all in the eyes of God. It is interesting that it was the primary impulse of the Bakti movement both Saiva and VaishaNa where in both movements VarNas were denied and the equality of all affirmed
Tilmun the Sunken Kumari
Now this is just a brief note that seeks to identify the Tilmun if the Sunmerians by looking at the semantics of the compound word. It is a compound derived from Til, ti and Mun where both exist in Tamil to this day. Til, ti is to exist subsist etc as in ti-ti sanskritized as Stiti as is the case with many such sanskritizations of Dravidian words. The word ‘mun’ means spatially in front but temporally the earlier the ancient etc. The Mun-oor are the ancestors, Thus Til-Mun can be the place of living or origin of the ancestors and hence the ancestral lands. Thus it is not surprising that many archeologists try to locate near Bahrein and neighboring areas which are in fact the shores across the sunken Kumari. Perhaps at the time Kumarians moved out and settled in Sumeria, the second Kumari, there were still some islands of the first Kumari quite visible and which made them name it as TilMun, the ancestral land, the primordial land of the origins of the Sumerians.
Now this interpretation also fits in with the later word compound Tillai ManRu, possibly derived also from TilMun but now the metaphysical realm of the Origin of All and which became Cit-Ambaram ( Citambaram) the vast and everlasting Realm of Pure Consciousness, the final destination of all creatures.
Summary
Using some aspects of Linguistic Archeology where we selected some expressions in SumeruTamil probably as ancient as 4000 BC or so, we noted that the land of origin of the Dravidian folks was a land of zebras and tigers and where also grew the mango trees. This suggested that the landmass must have been somewhere between East Africa and India and which led us to identify it with the sunken Island Mass in the Arabo-Persian sea as noted by Jeffrey Rose. This must have been a land of hills where each hill becomes identified with a tribe ,a Gotra and hence something like a primitive nation. This must have led to the emergence of the expression kur-kur in Sumeriam lit hills but meaning also all nations etc and where kur is Ta, kuRu, kunRu: hill, mountain etc. This must have also been the Kumari of Tamil literature where it also described as the sunken landmass. Perhaps it was called Tilmun by the Sumerians meaning the ‘ancestral land”
Now we come to the spread of these people, the reverse migrations and which takes into account the various studies of Clyde where he identified these people as the Kushites, the C-Group of People and so forth. We also saw these people were builders of the Pyramidal cultures where it is an act RECREATING Kumari where there were hill-top temples for Lord Muruka, the Kumaran. Unfortunately while this culture has been submerged and lost in Sumeria Egypt Nubia and so forth where reigns Islam and Christianity, it survives still as the culture of the Dravidian folks, as the temple-centered Agamic Hinduism as distinct from the Yajna-centred Vedism that also promotes VarNa Dharma. The world’s primordial civilization still survives as the Agamic Hinduism where Tamils and other Dravidians recreate the Kumarik Koodu by building hill-like temples in each land they begin to live. This also makes them live the Metaphysical life of seeking Moksa integral to it.